1231 A.D. is the year work began reconstructing the northern nave of St. Denis, the year the ban on teaching the “libri naturales” at the University of Paris effectively lapsed, and quite possibly the year that Richard Rufus began his lectures on Aristotle's metaphysics and natural philosophy at Paris.

RRP thanks Shannon Kyles for permission to reproduce her photograph of the rose window in the northern nave of St. Denis.

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Site updated February 15, 2013.